IIOE, A historical perspective
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A historical perspective
Background
The International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE), conducted during 1959-1965, sponsored by Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research (SCOR) and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), was the first true multinational large scale experiment in the world ocean, in which 20 countries with over 40 ships and hundreds of researchers participated. This expedition generated a wealth of information that was documented in several atlases, books, conference proceedings, special reports besides numerous research papers.One of the most important outcomes of IIOE was the establishment of the Indian Ocean Biology Centre (IOBC) that was transformed into the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) as a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)laboratory, on the 1stof January 1966.
Highlights of IIOE
The IIOE, conducted during 1959-1965,
  •  was a major international, interdisciplinary oceanographic research programme 
  •  included 40 research vessels that carried out surveys covering the entire Indian Ocean basin during the period (and another 31 contributed data collected outside the period)
  • comprised of ships and researchers of40 organisations from 20 nations worldwide 
  • 200 expeditions were conducted during the period (and data from 42 cruises outside the period was also used)
  • collected data on physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, meteorology, marine biology, marine geology and geophysics
  • was sponsored by Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR) and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
Phases of Development and Management of the IIOE
1957-1959: Development of idea at SCOR Annual Meeting:
 
To make ‘a combined assault on the largest unknown area on earth, the deep waters and seabed of the Indian Ocean’. SCOR formed four working groups at its first meeting 
  • WG 1: Radioactivity in the Ocean 
  • WG 2: Carbon Dioxide in the Ocean
  • WG 3: Biological Production of the Sea 
  • WG 4: Physical Properties of Seawater
1959-1961: Start‐up and Management by Robert Snider on behalf of SCOR
1961: IOC became a co-sponsor of IIOE
1962: IOC set up various working groups and assumed responsibility for project management
1965: Completion of Project

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